Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sri Lanka, serving as the ancient capital from the 11th to 13th centuries, renowned for its well-preserved royal city ruins, especially Parakramabahu I’s Garden City, featuring highlights like the Royal Palace, Sacred Quadrangle, and the circular relic house Vatadage. Visitors can explore the archaeological park to witness the monumental remains of Buddhist and Brahmanic structures, including impressive dagobas and the ancient Parakrama Samudra Tank.

Key Attractions

• The Royal Palace: A colossal structure believed to have been seven stories high, with thick walls and a grand staircase.
• The Quadrangle: A sacred area packed with ruins, including the circular Vatadage which is noted for its intricate sculptural details and stone Buddhas.
• The Parakrama Samudra Tank: A massive man-made reservoir that was crucial for the city’s irrigation and water supply.
• Dagobas (Stupas): Impressive brick stupas like Rankot Vihara (the largest) and the more modest Kiri Vihara are prominent features of the site.
• Siva Devale: A Brahmanic temple that provides insight into the Chola dynasty’s influence on the city.

Historical Context

• Polonnaruwa served as Sri Lanka’s second capital after Anuradhapura was destroyed.
• It showcases both the majestic garden city built by King Parakramabahu I and the Brahmanic monuments from the preceding Chola invasion period.

Visiting Polonnaruwa

• Accessibility: The extensive ruins are spread across an area of about four kilometers and are easily explored.
• Best Time to Visit: The summer months from June to August are hot but have minimal rainfall, making it the busiest and most ideal time to visit for tourism.
• Entry Fee: Foreign adult tourists typically pay an entry fee, with discounts available for SAARC residents with proof of residency.